Political Geography: The Dooars region politically constitutes the plains of Darjeeling District, whole of Jalpaiguri District and upper region of Cooch Behar District in West Bengal and the districts of Dhubri, Kokrajhar, Barpeta, Goalpara and Bongaigaon in the Indian state of Assam.

Physical Geography: The altitude of Dooars area ranges from 90 m to 1750 m. There are innumerable streams and rivers flowing through these fertile plains from the mountains of Bhutan. In Assam the major rivers are Brahmaputra and Manas, and in northern West Bengal the major river is the Teesta besides many others like the Jaldhaka, Murti, Torsha, Sankosh, Dyna, Karatowa, Raidak, Kaljani among others.

Climate: Average rain fall of the area is about 3,500 mm. Monsoon generally starts from the middle of May and continues till the end of September. Winters are cold with foggy mornings and nights. Summer is mild and constitutes a very short period of the year.

 October to May

By Road :
Jaldapara is connected by road with Darjeeling and Siliguri. North Bengal State Transport Corporation Buses, Bhutan Govt. Buses, Mini Buses and Private Buses are available from Siliguri to Alipurduar via Madarihat.

By Rail :
Nearest Railway Station : Madarihat which is only 7 kms from the Sanctuary and all the passenger trains stop here. Jaldapara Tourist Lodge is in a walkable distance from this Railway Station. All the Mail and Express trains stop at Birpara/Hasimara Railway Station both are 20 kms. away from the sanctuary.

By Air :
Bagdogra is the nearest Airport from where one can go by above routes, (Siliguri to Bagdogra 13 km.) private vehicles are available at Madarihat for going to Hollong Forest Lodge/Jaldapara Tourist Lodge.

The climate of Dooars plains in Jalpaiguri district is more or less similar to that of the remaining districts of North Bengal. But owing to its proximity to the hills, it has a longer winter and heavier rainfall.

Winter: The cold season starts by the first week of November and continues upto the end of February. January is the coldest month with the mean daily minimum temperature at 10.7 Celsius (51.3 Fahrenheit) and the mean daily maximum temperature at 23.6 Degree Celsius (74.5 Degree Fahrenheit). Because of cold spell from Himalayas in the north the night temperature may drop to couple of degree above freezing point in January.

Summer: Temperature starts rising by March, which continues till October end being June and July the hottest months. But temperature never rises to the unbearable limit because of its location advantage. The mean daily maximum temperature in these months is 31.6 Degree Celsius (82.9 Degree Fahrenheit) and the mean daily minimum temperature is 21.3 Degree Celsius (70.3 Degree Fahrenheit). With the withdrawal of south-west monsoon in September the temperature decreases and weather gradually becomes cooler.

Monsoon: The rainy season in the area starts in the month of July with the arrival of south-west monsoon. The region receives a record rainfall during July-August. The average annual rainfall in the region is 3925 mm. There are 110 rainy days in Dooars region. The highest rainfall recorded in the region was 900mm in 1998 in Buxa.

The best weather prevails in Dooars plains from October to June, when the sky remains clear and the weather is bright and sunny.